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Russian battleship Imperatritsa Ekaterina Velikaya
The ''Imperatritsa Ekaterina Velikaya'' ((ロシア語:Императрица Екатерина Великая), or ''Empress Catherine the Great'') was the second ship of the dreadnoughts of the Imperial Russian Navy. She was begun before World War I, completed in 1915 and saw service with the Black Sea Fleet. She engaged the ex-German battlecruiser ''Yavuz'' once, but only inflicted splinter damage while taking no damage herself. She was renamed ''Svobodnaya Rossiya'' ((ロシア語:Свободная Россия), ''Free Russia'') after the February Revolution, but saw no further combat. She was evacuated from Sevastopol as the Germans approached in May 1918, but was scuttled in Novorossiysk harbor the following month when the Germans demanded that the Soviets hand her over according to the terms of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
==Description==
''Imperatritsa Ekaterina Velikaya'' was slightly larger than her half-sisters. She was long at the waterline and had a beam of ; longer and wider than her half sisters. Her exact draft is not known, but she had a draft of on trials. Her displacement was at load, over more than her designed displacement of .〔McLaughlin, p. 228〕 The first ship of the class, ''Imperatritsa Mariya'', had proved to be very bow heavy in service and tended to ship large amounts of water through her forward casemates.〔Gardiner and Gray, p. 303〕 The ammunition for ''Imperatritsa Ekaterina Velikaya''s forward 12-inch guns was reduced from 100 to 70 rounds each while the forward 130 mm ammunition was reduced from 245 to 100 rounds per gun in an attempt to compensate for her trim. This sufficed as ''Imperatritsa Ekaterina Velikaya''s longer length meant that she was less affected by the trim problem to begin with.〔McLaughlin, p. 237〕
''Imperatritsa Ekaterina Velikaya'' was fitted with four Parsons-type steam turbines built by the Associated Factories and Shipyards of Nikolayev (ONZiV) with technical assistance from Vickers Limited. They were designed for a total of , but produced on trials. 20 mixed-firing triangular Yarrow water-tube boilers powered the turbines with a working pressure of . Her designed speed was . Her maximum coal capacity was plus of fuel oil which gave her a range of at full speed and at economical speed. All of her electrical power was generated by three main Curtis 360 kilowatt turbo generators and two 200 kilowatt auxiliary units.〔McLaughlin, pp. 229, 235–37〕
Her main armament consisted of twelve Obukhovskii 12-inch Pattern 1907 52-caliber guns mounted in four triple turrets distributed the length of the ship. Her secondary armament consisted of eighteen B7 Pattern 1913 55-caliber guns mounted in casemates. They were arranged in two groups, six guns per side from the forward turret to the rear funnel and the remaining four clustered around the rear turret. She was fitted with three anti-aircraft guns, one mounted on the roof of the fore turret and two side by side on the aft turret. Four submerged torpedo tubes were mounted, two tubes on each broadside abaft the forward magazine.〔McLaughlin, pp. 233–34〕
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